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What's
An Antioxidant, Anyway?
by Susan Foster
Antioxidant: one of the most popular buzz words of the natural
health industry today. With 80 million baby-boomers now facing middle
age, and the sale of these particular supplements exceeding 1.5
billion dollars, it's apparent that we are becoming more aware of the
potential benefits of antioxidants. But does anyone really understand
how an antioxidant possibly works against aging and degnerative
diseases? What does the word antioxidant really mean?
The Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine defines antioxidant as a
compound that prevents free-radical, or oxidative, damage. Huh?
To begin to understand, let's review some basic chemistry. Recall
that atoms and molecules are the basic building blocks of life. They
consist of negatively charged electrons that zip around, or orbit, the
central atomic nucleus (or nuclei). Electrons are like a stable couple
-- they like to be paired together; you know, exist near each other in
the same "household" so to speak.
If an atom or molecule happens to contain a single, unpaired
electron, it is said to be unstable, or known as a "free
radical" in the scientific world. Free radicals, like everyone
else, want to become stable! To do so, they essentially seek out
another electron to pair with its lonely, single electron.
One scenario that can happen is that a free radical may find
another free radical. If their single electrons pair up, they may form
a satisfying bond. However, a free radical might steal a vulnerable
electron that is already paired. Why? Because as long as it finds
another electron, it won't be a free radical anymore. It will become
stable.
So, what happens if a free radical steals an electron from one of
the atoms or molecules composing your cells? Here comes the phrase,
"attack of free radicals." Often this causes a chain
reaction of atoms stealing electrons from each other. This may result
in deformed cellular components, such as cell membranes.
Chemically speaking, the loss of an electron is known as oxidation.
Is the term antioxidant becoming clearer now? Simply put, antioxidants
help to prevent oxidation! They help prevent the loss of electrons
from the atoms or molecules that make up your cells, thus, saving your
cells from becoming deformed. Antioxidants do this either by providing
electrons that can be given up easily to the free radicals, or they
might actually bond with the free radical and neutralize it. The end
result is more protection for your body by these antioxidant
bodyguards. When your body is better shielded against free radicals,
you are less likely to develop degenerative diseases.
So, where do free radicals come from originally? Some are actually
produced within the body as a result of metabolism. Others enter your
body from the environment. Some free radicals, such as by-products of
the sun's radiation, never enter your body but attack your skin.
As for including antioxidants in your diet, Vitamin C and E are
quite popular. Naturally, Vitamin E is present in wheat germ,
vegetable oils, and nuts. Carotenoids and flavonoids, the nutrients
that give bright color and taste to fruits and vegetables are also a
good source of antioxidants. Research has recently explored much
higher-potency antioxidants, such as green tea, pine bark, tumeric and
grape seed extracts. You can drink green tea, but pine bark might not
be so tasty. That's when a supplement-form comes in handy, besides the
fact that most of us fail to follow the "5 a day" rule. If
you find yourself searching for any of the powerhouse antioxidants,
experts in the natural health industry suggest you take supplements
that are packaged in combination rather than singly.
Susan Foster is an EYI Ind. Bus. Assoc. and has a Master's
Degree in Biology. For more information, please call her at 333-8541.
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Viagra
Alternatives
by Barb Schofield
The
National Institute of Health notes that approximately 30%
of men may experience an impotency problem. |
When it comes to impotency, there are several prescription drugs
available, such as Viagra. However, there are also several natural
alternatives that you may not know about. Androstenedione (pronounced
andro-steen-dye-own) is one such alternative.
Androstenedione is a natural steroid hormone found in all animals
(meat) as well as in some plants (extracts). It is a metabolite of
DHEA that serves as a direct precursor (one step removed) in the
biosynthesis of testosterone. In mammals, androstenedione is produced
in the gonads and adrenal glands. Androstenedione is metabolized in
the liver with a zinc dependent enzyme.
When taken orally, androstenedione will increase blood levels of
both androstenedione and testosterone. Secondary to this increase,
effects are often seen such as increased energy, enhanced recovery and
growth from exercise, heightened sexual arousal and function, as well
as a greater sense of well being.
Androstenedione can thus be the perfect alternative for:
 | Lack of sexual desire
 | Feeling tired and "old"
 | Impotency
 | Poor circulation and fatigue
 | Poor muscle tone |
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There are two forms of androstenedione, either as a pill or as a
sublingual (under the tongue) spray.
The pill form of androstenedione is usually mixed with yohimbe. It
takes two to three pills per day for two weeks before it becomes
readily effective, as the digestive tract destroys androstenedione.
Prolonged usage of the pill form of yohimbe and adrostenedione
together stress the liver. The liver can become so stressed, in fact,
that regular liver flushes are needed. In addition, the herb yohimbe
can cause rapid heartbeat. The pill form is made from a bovine source
(normally from bull urine) because it is cheaper to manufacture.
The best all-natural herbal sublingual form of adrostenedione does
not come with yohimbe and is made only from tree extracts. The effects
are nearly immediate because it goes directly into the blood stream.
This form of androstenedione usually takes about 15 minutes to work,
depending on circulation, and is gone within three to four hours, so
there is no stress on the heart or liver.
Impotency can be emotionally draining. The National Institute of
Health notes that approximately 30% of men may experience an impotency
problem. Try a safe, alternative method; it may be just what you are
looking for!
Barb Schofield researches alternative products. She has
cured her "incurable" skin disease (Acne Rosacea) and has
helped others with their ailments. For more information on plant-based
androstenedione, call Natural Health and Fitness at 868-4817.
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A
Primer on Enzymes & Health
by Marianne Miller
Could a
deficiency in enzymes be the primary cause of so
many chronic problems? Could it really be that simple? |
The following information is based on
the teachings of Dr. Howard Loomis, D.C., a leading authority in
enzyme therapy and the person responsible for bringing plant enzymes
to the forefront of health care, and Dr. Edward Howell, M.D., the food
enzyme pioneer.
Digestive disturbance/indigestion is probably the most common
ailment today. Billions of dollars are spent each year for
over-the-counter remedies for heartburn, gas, bloating, acid reflux,
constipation, diarrhea and inflammation. The digestion of food is
often taken for granted. Most books on the science of nutrition
describe normal digestion but do not attempt to unravel the secrets of
poor digestion. Digestion is very complex and is inter-related with
almost every other function of the body. When traditional treatments
or remedies are recommended, their impact on physiology is not
considered.
Could a deficiency in enzymes be the primary cause of these chronic
problems? Could it really be that simple? This article is an
introduction to enzymes: what they are, what they do and why enzymes
are important.
Enzymes
Enzymes are found in all living things. Without enzymes, life would
not exist. They are the driving forces behind virtually every
biochemical reaction that occurs in the body. Enzymes are proteins
that are secreted by cells. They act as catalysts to induce changes in
the substrate (any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme). In
other words, they are the construction workers that build our bodies
from proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals.
An enzyme is made up of two parts: a protein portion and a
prosthetic group (usually a vitamin or a mineral). In fact, vitamins
and minerals do not have the capacity to do work. They are only
co-factors for the enzymes. Each enzyme does its work only at its own
specific pH (acid or alkaline) and temperature range. Outside of its
pH range, the enzyme is deactivated. Outside of its temperature range,
the enzyme is denatured (destroyed).
Enzymes are also found in plants and are what bring our foods to
maturity. These same enzymes will “digest” the very food they are
contained in when conditions are right for that to happen. An example
of this is the presence of “bruising” on fruit. In reality, cell
walls have been damaged, releasing enzymes that begin digesting that
fruit.
Enzymes are the first to be destroyed during cooking,
pasteurization, canning, microwaving or heating above 118 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Thousands of enzymes have been identified. They are classified into
six groups, depending on the types of reactions they catalyze. For the
purpose of this article, I will simplify this and group enzymes into
three broad classifications based on function.
- Food enzymes occur in
raw foods and are destroyed if heated over 118 degrees Fahrenheit.
These include proteases (digest proteins), lipases (digest fats),
amylases (digest carbohydrates) and cellulases (digest fibers).
- Digestive enzymes are
made in the body (primarily in the pancreas). There are
approximately 22 different digestive enzymes and these continue
the body’s digestive process in the upper part of the small
intestine (if it has the optimum alkaline pH available).
- There are thousands of metabolic
enzymes that are involved in all biochemical processes.
Edward Howell, M.D., is known as the Father of Enzymes. He was a
pioneer in the field of autointoxication. He postulated the following:
- Humans have a pre-digestive
stomach like many other animals, and it takes 30 minutes to one
hour for enough hydrochloric acid to be produced in the stomach to
lower the acidity of the stomach enough to deactivate (though not
destroy) food enzymes.
- Via the concept of pancreatic
hypertrophy, Dr. Howell believed that nature never intended for
the pancreas to supply all of the enzymes needed for digestion
when we eat cooked (enzyme-deficient) foods. While working
overtime to make up for the lack of food enzymes, the pancreas
enlarges, and the body has to borrow enzymes from other tissues
and organs to complete digestion.
We now know that the immune system must make up for any pancreatic
insufficiency. Stealing enzymes from other parts of the body sets up a
competition for enzymes among the various organ systems and tissues,
thus disrupting metabolic processes. Studies now reveal that these
metabolic problems may be the direct cause of many chronic,
degenerative diseases.
Enzyme Deficiency
Let us look at the consequences of eating enzyme-deficient foods,
the resulting poor digestion and enzyme deficiencies. The definitive
sign of enzyme deficiency is inflammation (pain,
swelling and aberrant motion). Acute symptoms usually equal co-enzyme
deficiencies (vitamin or mineral) and chronic, degenerative changes
usually indicate enzyme deficiencies.
Whatever food particles you do not digest will become toxins. Some
particles will be too large to cross the gut wall. These putrefy and
form a very toxic substance called indican. Indican irritates the gut
wall and will also enter the bloodstream causing inflammatory
problems.
Some food particles are broken down enough to cross the gut wall,
but they are not reduced enough to be utilized. Robert Virchow (1897)
discovered digestive leukocytosis, and described it as a normal
finding because everyone he tested demonstrated this after eating.
What is known now is that white blood cells (leukocytes) are rich in
enzymes and are called upon to help finish digestion not completed in
the gut. This occurs after eating cooked or enzyme-deficient foods.
(Remember that cooking destroys enzymes at 118 degrees.) Here are a
few points to take into consideration:
- Raw or frozen food produces no
increase in WBC counts.
- Commonly cooked foods will
cause a mild leukocytosis.
- Pressure-cooked or canned foods
will cause a moderate elevation.
- Man-made food causes a severe
leukocytosis.
- Cured, salted and canned meats
will bring on a violent increase in WBC counts equal to that seen
in poisoning.
Leukocytosis is a naturally occurring and protective process, but
it severely affects the immune system. It can be easily corrected by
diet modification and the proper enzyme supplementation.
Fatigue, headaches, sinus problems, allergies, colon problems,
arthritis/joint pain, acne or ADD/ADHD are just a sampling of the
conditions that have their roots in a shortage of enzymes and the
resulting inadequate digestion. I believe this work to be cutting
edge, and diagnosing digestive disorders is paramount to the treatment
of any illness.
For more information on Dr. Howard Loomis, visit his web site at www.loomisenzymes.com.

Dr. Miller is a
chiropractor specializing in digestive disorders/enzyme replacement
therapy and allergy elimination. She works in association with other
holistic practitioners who provide complimentary therapies. Please
call 562-1062.
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Glutathione,
Master Antioxidant: The Next Vitamin C
by Russell Manuel
| GSH is
the most important antioxidant in humans |
Have you ever heard of Glutathione (GSH)?
Do you know there are over 25,000 articles on GSH in the medical
literature, and this is such a hot topic that thousands of new
articles are published each year?
GSH is the most important antioxidant in humans. Among its many
essential functions is the recycling of Vitamins C and E. When GSH is
low, people need much more of these antioxidant vitamins. You probably
haven’t heard about the master antioxidant because there was nothing
you could do to increase it safely until recently.
I believe that my knowledge of GSH saved my life, but more on that
later. First, let’s explore a few facts about this essential
substance which is found in nearly every cell of our bodies.
GSH is made up from three amino acids: glutamate, glycine and, most
importantly, cysteine, which gives this molecule its biological
activity. Many people have a diet low in cysteine and its precursors;
additionally, cysteine needs to be in a particular combination to be
effectively absorbed and transported to the cells. This article is too
short to give specifics, but I highly recommend the third edition of
Dr. Jimmy Gutman’s book GSH – Your Body’s Most Powerful
Protector (Communications Kudo, 2002), which provides great
detail in an easy- to-read format.
In many chronic diseases, GSH levels are very low. In cancer,
multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, Parkinson’s
disease and Alzheimer’s disease, GSH levels are less than 10% of
normal. As we get older, GSH levels drop and are an important
reversible factor in aging. For example, the average 65 year old has
only 65% of the GSH which they had when they were younger.
Here is why I have such a personal interest in Glutathione: In
1998, I was diagnosed with Prostate Cancer (my biopsy graded as
Gleason's score 7). Medical colleagues with whom I consulted strongly
advised me to do something invasive such as surgery, radiation or
chemotherapy. Prostate cancer that is classed as Gleason 7 is
considered to be a very serious diagnosis and likely to spread. Thus,
the advice that I take definitive action immediately was unanimous.
Instead, I chose to thoroughly review the medical literature on
prostate cancer, as well as any reports on alternative ways of dealing
with this potentially invasive cancer. I did not like what I found
about the risks and possible complications using conventional,
invasive therapies. Although these therapies attacked the immediate
problem of the cancer, they did not deal with the underlying
conditions that allowed cancer to manifest in the first place.
To cut a long story short, what stood out most in my review was
that over 20 years of research at Montreal’s McGill University
Medical School had shown that raising GSH levels was an effective way
of combating some cancers. Being a researcher myself (I was a
professor of preventive medicine and epidemiology for 10 years), I was
impressed by the extensive medical literature. The only way I found to
reliably and safely increase my GSH levels was to take a
newly-patented, specialized isolate of milk serum.
I have been taking this in powder form for over five years and my
health is certainly much better now. Recently, I saw my urologist for
the first time in three years. He was surprised to find that my
prostate gland had shrunk and was almost normal in size. Every person
is different, so I advise that anyone with cancer consult with at
least two health care practitioners before deciding on any treatment.
However, there is much published evidence that increasing GSH helps to
deal with any cancer, whatever other treatment is used.
Increasing Glutathione levels helps in many other conditions as
well. For example, Dorothy, a very good friend of mine, was told that
she had rapidly growing cataracts in both eyes and that she would
likely lose her drivers license. After three months on a nutritional
product designed to increase intracellular GSH, Dorothy noticed that
her vision was "clearing" and that it no longer seemed
"as if I were looking through milky glasses." After 9
months, her eye specialist reported that there was no evidence of
cataract in her left eye and that the one on the right was so thin
that nothing need be done. Subsequently, Dorothy passed her eye tests
and renewed her driving license until 2006!
Another remarkable example of the
value of increasing Glutathione was exhibited by Alida, who has had
Parkinson’s disease since 1991, when she noticed her fingers
shaking. The disease progressed slowly, but by 1997 she was dragging
her feet and had increased shakiness of her hands. Although a
neurologist prescribed Senimet, she continued to go downhill and for
the last year has been confined to bed or wheelchair after she
fractured her hip. She could only speak a word at a time, with great
difficulty. Just six weeks ago, she started taking a nutritional
product to increase glutathione in her cells. Already her shakiness is
almost gone and Alida can talk slowly. All this in only six weeks –
clearly, there is hope for people with Parkinson’s disease!
So, now you will understand why I am so enthusiastic about Glutathione
– the next vitamin C. I have a mission to spread the word about this
master antioxidant and would be pleased to provide references and
additional information to interested people.

Russell Manuel MD, MSC, was
previously in general and preventive medical practice in Anchorage.
Contact him via voice mail: 877-866-0961; e-mail: whole44@email.com
or website: www.DrRussellManuel.com
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The
Virtues of Vitamin D
Bethany
Buchanan
| …this
little studied vitamin is turning out to play a much
bigger role in our health than initially thought. |
Vitamin
D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps the body to maintain normal
levels of calcium and phosphorus. It also aids in the absorption of
calcium to help form and maintain strong bones. (Recent research
indicates that low levels of calcium may correlate to a variety of
diseases.) In fact, this little studied vitamin is turning out to
play a much bigger role in our health than initially thought.
Most
people manufacture vitamin D from cholesterol via the action of
sunlight on the skin. This isn’t true if you live in Alaska,
however, where it is fairly difficult to obtain vitamin D in this
way. Why so? Here’s a quick course in how it works:
Ultraviolet
light is divided into 3 bands or wavelengths: UV-A, UV-B and UV-C.
UV-A (often called a “tanning ray”) is primarily responsible for
darkening the pigment in our skin. Most tanning bulbs have a high
UV-A output, with a very small percentage of UV-B. UV-B is a burning
ray, because its exposure causes the skin to burn quickly. It is
this process, though, that initiates vitamin D production.
The
amount of UV-B that is available to us from the sun is determined by
the angle of the sun’s rays. UV-B is only adequate during peak
sunning hours, from about 10 AM to 2 PM. Of course, this is just
when we have been taught to avoid the sun and use sunscreen!
Although UV-A is present throughout the day, UV-B is not.
UV-B rays do not penetrate glass, clouds, smog or fog. Latitudes
higher than 30 degrees have insufficient UV-B sunlight two to six
months during the year, even during midday. Anchorage is at 61
degrees latitude. Because of this, even summer sun is inadequate to
provide optimum vitamin D. Thus, we Alaskans get virtually no
vitamin D synthesis from the sun, even in the summer.
Where
else can we get vitamin D?
Vitamin
D is found naturally in fish and fish liver oils. Because most
people don’t eat enough fatty fish or drink enough cod liver oil
to get D, it is often added to milk and some foods. Yet, using food
as one’s primary source of D is near difficult to impossible.
Humans are really meant to get D from the sun, and yet in Alaska, we
can’t.
Why
do we need vitamin D?
Recent
research shows that vitamin D does much more than maintain strong
bones and teeth. Its job is to control the level of calcium in the
blood. Many researchers have postulated that vitamin D deficiency
can lead to the deposition of calcium in the arteries and hence
atherosclerosis (hardened arteries). Northern countries have higher
level of cardiovascular disease and more heart attacks in the winter
months. In 1989, researchers found that individuals had vitamin D
levels that were greater than 20 nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml)
had a 50% less risk of colon cancer. Since then, numerous studies
have found that vitamin D actually inhibits the proliferation of
cancerous prostate, breast, bone and skin cells as well.
Correlations
of low D levels have also been shown with infertility, senile
cataracts, osteoporosis and Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and
autoimmune diseases. Other recent research shows that Seasonal
Affective Disorder (SAD) can be treated successfully with vitamin D.
In a recent study covering 30 days of treatment comparing vitamin D
supplementation with two-hour daily use of light boxes, depression
completely resolved in the vitamin D group but not in the light box
group.
Who
needs Vitamin D?
Obviously,
anyone living in Alaska is at high risk for a vitamin D deficiency,
but there are several groups of people who have an increased need.
These are: babies, pregnant women, the elderly (especially nursing
home residents), dark skinned individuals (who need about 20-100
minutes of exposure to get the same D synthesis as Caucasian
individuals), vegetarians, alcoholics, those with intestinal
diseases, hypoparathyroidism, gastric bypass surgery, or individuals
on Prednisone.
If
you are concerned about a deficiency in yourself or want to consider
replacement above the recommended daily allowance of vitamin D, then
a blood test is prudent. The precursor to the active form of D is
25(OH)D, which happens to be the name of the blood test that should
be ordered. Optimal values are 40 to 50 ng/ml, and acceptable values
are 35 to 55. Levels greater than 55 could be toxic in some
individuals. In my practice, I have found some patients were
actually okay with results in the 40s, while others were terribly
deficient (13 is the lowest so far that I have seen).
Supplementing
vitamin D is important and inexpensive. Research shows that when
taken with calcium, vitamin D supplementation yields very positive
health benefits. Adequate calcium, magnesium and other minerals in
sufficient amounts are very important and must be present to utilize
vitamin D effectively. Without optimum minerals, vitamin D would
withdraw calcium from the bones and allows for the toxic uptake of
metals.
If
you are nervous about taking vitamin D supplements because of
possible overdose, there’s research guidance. A few years ago,
Reinhold Vieth, Ph.D., published an article re-examining the upper
limits of vitamin D safety. He concluded that the often-mentioned
upper limit of safety (2000 IU daily) “is too low by at least
5-fold.” Vieth felt that 10,000 IU daily might be a better safe
upper limit. Another study evaluated adults taking 4000 IU a day for
2 to 5 months. After five months, vitamin D levels in these
participants were found to be in the high normal range, and not
toxic, leading researchers to conclude that, “4000 IU of vitamin D
appears to be a safe daily intake” for adults while 1000 - 2000 IU
a day is safe for children.
If
you live in Alaska (and especially if you have the aforementioned
other risk factors), be proactive about your health and ask your
doctor for a vitamin D level test.

Bethany
Buchanan is a Family Nurse Practitioner at Avante Medical
Center.
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